Operational and regulatory complexity
• Imported supply chains become increasingly complex under VPD
• A UK-based Responsible Person is required to purchase duty stamps and submit HMRC returns
• A secondary Responsible Person in the country of manufacture is needed to import stamps, affix them, and re-export into the UK
• Customs complications will impact lead times
Cost and pricing pressure
• From 1 April 2026, China will apply a 13% export tax to all products containing vape liquid
• Chinese-manufactured products in the UK are expected to rise 13% to maintain margins
• A typical Chinese 10ml e-liquid could rise from £3.99 to £7.99 ahead of April 2027
Transitioning supply to a UK-based manufacturer offers greater operational flexibility, faster response to demand, and better control over duty-related costs.